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This ruling is epic! The United States Supreme Court ruled this week that Florida’s death penalty law is unconstitutional. The highest court in the land found, amongst other things, that Florida courts were violating defendants’ Sixth Amendment rights by ordering death in the manner in which they were.

What the court had a problem with was the fact that judges, not juries, were the ones making the ultimate decisions in capital cases. While jurors deliberated and made a recommendation to the judge, the judge would decide on his/her own whether the person should live or die. The Court found that a jury’s mere recommendation is not enough.

The ruling was good news for Timonthy Lee Hurst, who was convicted of stabbing his co-worker in 1998. His case will now be remanded back to the lower courts to decide what his penalty should be. It will now be exclusively up to the jury to decide his fate.

THE HYPOTHETICAL

You’re driving home from a lovely night out on the town when you see those dreaded police lights behind you. You hope the officer is just trying to around you, however, you quickly realize that he wants you to pull over. As you think of all the reasons why the cop may have interest in you, you remain calm knowing that you weren’t speeding and that you’ve only had a couple of drinks over the course of a several hour dinner. The officer approaches and immediately smells the odor of an alcoholic beverage protruding from your breath. He asks, “Have you been drinking?” After you admit to the couple of drinks you consumed over dinner, he asks you to perform roadside “tests.” (We call em’ “exercises”) In spite of feeling fine and thinking you performed well, you are told that you are being placed under arrest for DUI (also known in other states as DWI and more commonly referred to as “Drunk driving”) You’re eager to take a breath test to prove the officer wrong. Unfortunately, after you blow twice into the machine (they call it an “instrument”), the officer’s eyes light up. In amazement, the officer announces that your breath reading is .40, which is approximately 5 times the legal limit. Regardless of your passionate pleas of innocence, you’re booked into the county jail. After you post bond and are released after approximately 18 hours of custody, you contact me, an attorney with expertise in DUI defense. You feel comforted knowing that I believe you, that there must be another explanation of the high reading other than extreme alcohol consumption.

ANALYSIS

In response to the escalating rates of teen suicide, school shootings and cyber-bullying, Wisconsin has passed an ordinance imposing fines on parents of kids who bully. It’s not a criminal charge. Rather, it’s a civil ordinance which permits a fine of $124 against parents whose kids repeat bullying behavior after being warned of their conduct. The Wisconsin police chief said that he’s in favor of the new ordinance because it puts pressure on the parents, the ones whose job it is to raise the kids. He doesn’t believe it’s the teacher’s obligation to prevent kids from bullying. He explains that teachers’ energy should be limited to the challenging task of teaching our kids.

The way that this ordinance will be enforced is as follows. First, police will identify those kids who have engaged in repeated bullying within a 90 day period. The parents will be notified and asked to work with law enforcement to correct the behavior. If the bullying persists, then their parents may be fined.

The analogy made by the police chief is that it’s like if a kid breaks something, their parent would be held responsible for it. He wants to see parents taking responsibility for their kid’s behavior. School principals seem to be embracing the ordinance.

THE FACTS

36-year-old mother Qumotria Kennedy was recently a passenger in a vehicle that was pulled over after the driver allegedly didn’t come to a complete stop at a stop sign. Though Kennedy wasn’t doing anything wrong, police demanded her I.D. and learned that she had a warrant for her arrest out of Biloxi, Mississippi for failing to pay $400 in court fines. The fines were for traffic tickets that she failed to pay in 2013. Back then she told her probation officer that she was too poor to pay the fines and also, didn’t have any way to secure the funds from anyone. Ms. Kennedy worked in downtown Biloxi as a baseball field cleaner. She was earning less than 9 grand annually. For a single person, that is significantly under the poverty level. It’s important to note that Ms. Kennedy supports her two dependent children.

In spite of pleading poverty to her probation officer, Ms. Kennedy was warned that if she didn’t come up with the full amount of all the fines that she owed, in addition to the $40 monthly probation fee, she would be arrested. True to her word, the probation officer sought a warrant to arrest Ms. Kennedy once it was clear that the court fines and fees weren’t being paid.

No. There you have it. All my clients aren’t innocent. No beating around the bush from me. I won’t give you that frequently offered smug line, “All of my clients are innocent…until proven guilty.”(Even though they are legally innocent) As a criminal defense attorney, I do represent numerous “guilty” clients. “How can you defend those guilty people?”, many have asked. The answer is, “It’s actually easier to defend someone who is guilty.”

To understand what I’m saying, imagine someone you care about was accused of a crime that she/he did not commit. Imagine feeling powerless over the police, prosecutor and judge. You want so desperately to make the charges go away, however, you can’t. Sleepless nights, stress, and anger all accompany this living nightmare. Who do you turn to? Me. While I can’t guarantee any particular result, I take on representation of your innocent loved one with the promise that, “I will do all that I can do obtain the best possible outcome under extremely challenging circumstances.” In spite of indicating that you understand that I cannot pull a “David Copperfield” and make the charges disappear, you don’t really want the “best possible outcome.” In your mind, anything short of the charges being dropped would be a miscarriage of justice. Well, that energy and pressure falls on me. While I’m always up for the challenge, I nevertheless am constantly feeling the daily pressure to keep doing the next right thing in order to obtain justice for my clients. One of the many initial challenges that I face in dealing with innocent clients is that most prosecutors and judges don’t believe that my client is innocent. You ask, “But what about the presumption of innocence?” Ha! That only exists in cheesy television law dramas. In reality, most prosecutors and judges believe that if a person was arrested, they must be guilty. Similarly, most potential jurors typically share the same philosophy. I prove that every time I’m picking a jury at trial. Invariably, I ask the following questions: “Have you ever driven by the scene of a crime and seen someone who had been handcuffed by police?” (After most jurors respond, “Yes”) I next ask, “Let me guess, your thought at the time was, “Why are they arresting that sweet innocent person?” Many jurors laugh at loud after hearing me say that. I then say, “That’s not how you feel. Rather, you think, What did that guilty person do?” I then challenge them with the following, “Knowing that my client was one of those persons who once wore handcuffs and was brought to jail, just like those arrested persons you’ve seen in the past at the scene of a crime, how can you believe that he is innocent? (As the law requires) I study the looks on their faces. The ones who give me a, “You make a good point” look, I move to strike. The ones who fire back with, “Well, just because their arrested and handcuffed doesn’t mean their guilty,” are the jurors who I want to hear the case.

The feeling of fighting for an innocent client and ultimately being able to get the charges dropped by prosecutors is a spectacularly rewarding experience that is almost indescribable. I feel like I’ve been a part of something wonderful. My feeling after jurors acquit my innocent clients is a bit different. Instead of feeling relief after the not guilty verdict, I am often consumed with anger. I think, “You see prosecutor? This case never should have gone to trial. You should have dropped these charges. My client shouldn’t have gone through the extraordinary financial and emotional strain of a trial. You should have done the right thing months ago when I passionately pleaded with you and shared evidence that supported innocence.”

This one is outrageous. A 16 year old boy was arrested and charged as an adult in criminal court and prosecuted for sexually exploiting a minor, under the federal pornography laws. Who was the minor? He was! Yes, North Carolina federal prosecutors prosecuted him for having nude pictures of himself on his cell phone and for sending naked photos of himself to his 15 year old girlfriend. She sent nude photos of herself to him as well. While the photos were never disclosed to anyone else, the two were both charged with four felony counts. The photos were discovered solely because investigators were looking into a bigger problem at the school concerning sexual images being shared without the victims’ consent. These teens weren’t involved in that scandal in any way.

The teens were forced to take a plea deal in order to avoid jail time and being forced to register as sex offenders. In addition to having to agree to be subjected to warrantless searches by law enforcement for a year, the male teen suffered numerous other penalties. Additionally, he was suspended as quarterback of the high school football team while the case was resolved. Additionally, his name was all over the media.

I’m still blown away by this one. In North Carolina, the state in which they were prosecuted, the age of consent for sexual intercourse is 16. So, while they could legally have actual sex, and take mental pictures of each of their teen bodies, they just couldn’t legally memorialize it with a photo to be shared with the other. Ludicrous!

…says my friend Whoopi Goldberg. In defending Bill Cosby, she stated, “The bottom line is, that’s the law.” She added,”Innocent until proven guilty.” In illustrating the importance of due process, Whoopi highlighted the 2006 Duke lacrosse case, where three Duke lacrosse team members were falsely accused of rape.

In response, I say, “Whoopi, you are right.” Legally, every defendant is presumed to be innocent unless proven guilty in a court of law. That includes Bill Cosby. The question is whether every person who is “legally innocent” is actually/factually innocent. The answer is “no.” There are numerous reasons why someone who committed an offense may never be brought to criminal court and/or convicted. One reason is that the evidence is insufficient, in spite of the person’s guilt. As we have all learned from many high profile cases resulting in acquittals, the Criminal Justice System is less about truth and more about what can be proven. “Proof beyond and to the exclusion of every reasonable doubt” is a very high burden for prosecutors to reach. As a result, many cases aren’t brought by prosecutors due to proof problems and not because of a person’s innocence. Additionally, some cases aren’t brought in the criminal arena because of problems with the Statue of Limitations. That’s the only reason why Cosby hasn’t been yet stripped of his liberty, in spite of approximately 40 separate accusers and his admission in sworn testimony from his 2005 civil suit. Prosecutors believe he is guilty and most folks who are being intellectually honest also believe he isn’t Snow White innocent.

Regarding her opinion about Cosby, Whoopi has also stated, “So, don’t come after me like that, ’cause I’m sick of this bull.” She added: “Here’s the bottom line, for me: It’s my opinion. And the American courts agree with me, because still he has not been taken to jail or trial on anything. So, back off me!” To those remarks, I say, “Well Whoopi, you are right, in part.” People should back off if they are personally attacking you or threatening to do violence to you. What makes this country great is that everyone is entitled to their opinion. As a free society, we should encourage a free flow of ideas and agree to respectfully disagree with those whose opinions differ from ours. However, what I do disagree with is the portion of her remarks which seem to erroneously suggest that Cosby is actually innocent because he was never taken to jail or placed on trial. That hasn’t happened solely because of the Statute of Limitations.

INTRODUCTION

It has just been revealed that all six of the criminally charged Baltimore police officers, who were involved in the arrest of now deceased Freddie Gray, provided statements to law enforcement investigators. At the time of this posting, the contents of each of the officers’ statements is unknown. It’s possible that everything that flowed from each of the officers’ lips assists their defense. On the other hand, what is also possible is that some of the statements made by some or all of the officers will be words that prosecutors will seek to introduce against them at trial. The question that many are asking is, “Can the officers’ statements be used against them?”

ANALYSIS

This one really gets me. Two parents from Florida were arrested for felony child neglect. What did they do? Starve their child? Deprive their child of needed medical care? Leave the child abandoned on the streets for days with no food, clothing or shelter? No, nothing like that. The two parents were stuck in traffic so their 11-year-old son arrived home from school before they did. He went into the back yard of their home and began to play basketball alone. Seeing the boy shooting hoops by himself, a neighbor called the cops.

When the parents arrived home, the police began their interrogation. Claiming the child had no water or shelter, the police arrested both parents. As a result, the 11-year-old boy was removed from their home. Furthermore, child protective workers removed from their home their other son, a four-year-old. The two boys languished in and out of foster care for over a month before they were finally reunited with their parents. The criminal charges are still pending at this time.

OK, first, shame on you neighbor! You called the cops? Look what your choice caused. If you think the kid needed food, water or shelter, offer it to him. Calling the cops is the last resort!

INTRODUCTION

Having practiced criminal law for over two decades as both a prosecutor and as a defense attorney, there’s one question I get asked more than any other, “Should I blow?” Solely for those whose minds tend to travel to unusual places, the “blow” I’m referring to concerns the breath machines police use during drunk driving (DUI) criminal investigations.

DON’T DRIVE WHEN IMPAIRED

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